Base film of single-mode optical fiber he00
The base film of a single-mode optical fiber HE00 consists of a germania-doped silica core surrounded by a pure silica cladding, forming a step-index structure that supports the fundamental mode.
Core and Cladding Materials
The core of a single-mode fiber is typically made of silica (SiO₂) doped with germanium dioxide (GeO₂) to increase its refractive index relative to the cladding, enabling light confinement in the core . The cladding is made of pure silica, providing a lower refractive index to guide light via total internal reflection . This combination forms the base film or fundamental material structure of the fiber.
Refractive Index Profile
Single-mode fibers often use a step-index profile, where the core has a uniform higher refractive index and the cladding has a uniform lower index . This profile ensures that only the HE00 mode (also called LP01) propagates, while higher-order modes are suppressed . The numerical aperture (NA) and core radius are carefully designed to satisfy the single-mode condition, typically with a V-number below 2.405 for step-index fibers .
Fabrication and Coating
The fiber is manufactured using processes like Outside Vapor Deposition (OVD), which deposits the doped silica layers to form the core and cladding . After drawing, the fiber is coated with a dual-layer acrylate protective coating that maintains mechanical integrity and protects the base film from environmental damage . The coating is in direct contact with the cladding surface, ensuring the optical properties of the HE00 mode are preserved.
Optical Properties
The HE00 mode is the fundamental transverse mode, with electromagnetic oscillations perpendicular to the fiber axis . The mode radius is typically a few micrometers, depending on the core size and refractive index contrast . The base film's precise composition and uniformity are critical for minimizing attenuation, dispersion, and maintaining single-mode propagation over long distances. In summary, the base film of a single-mode optical fiber HE00 is a germania-doped silica core with a pure silica cladding, forming a step-index structure that supports the fundamental mode, protected by a dual-layer coating to ensure optical and mechanical stability .
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