Over the past two decades a large variety of electronically and optically addressed devices for impressing information onto one- and two- dimensional optical wavefronts have been proposed. 1−16 These spatial light modulators (SLM's) were initially developed for such applications. The SPIE Digital Library offers a comprehensive collection of research articles, conference papers, and technical documents focused on spatial light modulators (SLMs), reflecting the breadth and depth of this rapidly evolving technology. The content covers various types of SLMs, including liquid. Liquid crystals are birefringent, so applying a voltage to the cell changes the effective refractive index seen by the incident wave, and thus the phase retardation of the reflected wave. In particular, liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) technologies have been. Manipulation of light at the nanoscale is cornerstone for the realization of miniaturized optical devices with enhanced efficiencies. 2022 The Japan Society of Applied Physics 1. Introduction philosophy of our company. To this end, we have conducted research on optics and photonics to acquire new knowledge for 10 to 20 years from now, such as.
